Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia
3. involvement in international organizations,
kazakhstan and russia
For anybody not a secret, that creation and the
operation of regional systems of safety in Central Asia was called by the
following basic reasons:
First,
inability of the states becoming in plants of aggressive plans of the
international terrorist architectures, appearing under Islamic by the slogans
and using financial support international extremism of architectures to give
them effective defense;
Secondly, double standards of the conducting
countries of West, including USA, Great Britain, in a ratio of operations of a
series of terrorist architectures considered by them as battle groups national
fight for freedom of driving. By characteristic development of double standards
was, for example, the refusal of the American authorities to satisfy the
request Ministry of Foreign Affairs Peoples Republic Of China about output
gripped in captivities in Afghanistan of hits - citizens of Peoples Republic of
China Uygur of a nationality. A motivation: the Washington does not consider
Driving for independence East Turkestan as terrorist architecture;
Thirdly, the anti Soviet moods, cultivated in West
by decades, in a defined measure were transformed in anti Russian, especially
to first half 90 years. Therefore warnings of Russia, states of Central Asia,
closely face with operations of the international terrorist gangs in Chechnya,
in Batken, about real consequences of their activity were not heard.
It
would be possible to explain creation of military-aerial basses of USA in
Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan still by war against a condition
taliban. But there is a question, why these basses began to be established as a
matter of fact after completion of an active military phase of rout taliban of
a condition. Moreover, arranging of basses air force of USA not only in
Afghanistan, but also in Kyrgyzstan, and also Tajikistan bordering with China,
on defined reflections. In particular, involuntarily there is an idea: whether
can these basses hypothetically and in a defined situation to be used as basis
of a dual purpose - not only against hits in Afghanistan, but also against
China or even against Russia.
After
September 11 and especially after an overthrow reactionary taliban of a
condition in Afghanistan and ascertaining of the American military presence in
Central Asia basic; in essence there is a consideration of an opportunity of
cooperating of these architectures from USA, for, without the account of policy
of Russia, China and USA and understanding of principles of a guard by these
states of the national interests, it is impossible to explain a situation in
sphere of a safety in region.
Whether
such script of a development of events in next China is necessary to Kazakhstan
and other countries of region.
Uniquely -
is not present. The consequences of disorder USSR, as is known, have done without
in tens thousand life and millions refugees.
The
important element of regional cooperating is the effective military-engineering
cooperating between the countries by the members DKNB. Today any country of
Central Asia is not capable in the nearest perspective to refuse from former
Soviet, so, present Russian weapon and military engineering. Hence, the key
role of Russia in this direction will be saved.
The
important element of regional cooperating is the effective military-engineering
cooperating between the countries - members DKNB Today any
country of Central Asia is not capable in the nearest perspective to refuse
from former Soviet, so, presents Russian weapon and military engineering.
Hence, the key role of Russia in this direction will be saved. Though other
points of view take place also:
a) In
opinion of the Uzbek experts, principal reason of an exit of Tashkent from DKNB
was ostensibly refusal of the Russian side to sell to Uzbekistan necessary arms
and military engineering, when the country has exposed to attacks of gangs of
the international terrorists.
In these conditions of
Uzbekistan forced to convert to active cooperating from USA;
b) In mass
- media the hearings, on the one hand, are persistently spreader that Russia
ostensibly is not interested in maintenance vehicle launching of Baikonur,
recognizing schedule to transfer all rocket start-ups on vehicle launching or
to realize start-ups from tropics, and with another - that vehicle launching of
Baikonur to Kazakhstan anything, except for harm, does not bring.
Tragedy of
September 11 and military action, which has followed behind it, of USA in
Afghanistan by a radical image, have changed a situation in our region. In this
connection experts of Kazakhstan Contract, being the member, of collective
safety, expected, that the states the members DKNB will consult among
themselves on all questions of the international safety, including regional,
but, unfortunately, such has not taken place also it once again speaks that one
of the reasons of an inefficiency DKNB is an existing level of ratios between
Russia and other sides of the Contract. On my sight, on the one hand, Russia
till now is not ready to equal in rights partner to ratios with the new
independent states, and, with another - in the countries FSU of space the
suspiciousness and uncertainty is still saved in what policy Russia will
realize further.
Therefore, on my sight, the special urgency is
acquired now by necessity of amplification of mutual confidence, openness,
knowledge, first of all, between Kazakhstan and Russia having on FSU space the
special level of ratios and the best premises for creation of allied ratios.
Thus, at
folding geopolitical the structure of regional systems of safety is necessary
different level. In particular, Kazakhstan and Russia should not wait of
operations on the part of other countries of region, by a phantom of the dollar
help, and actively be shaded slide on a path not only economic integration in
frameworks EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union), but also development of systems of
safety in frameworks DKNB.
Similar
situation in a ratio of cooperating with China within the framework of the
Shanghai architecture of cooperating in a direction of struggle with terrorism,
extremism and separatism
Appearing on January 25 this
year at the extended meeting of the principals of the executive authority
Republic Of Kazakhstan, the President N.Nazarbayev has formulated seven tasks facing to government, including in the
field of exterior policy.
January 25, 2002 in Almaty the third session
Integration of committee EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union) has passed, on which
28 questions were considered, from which on 27 the decision is accepted. The
totals of operation of this session, unfortunately, have appeared unfavorable:
a) The
participants still were not defined, in what direction it is necessary to
explicate cooperating;
b) Each
participant wants first of all to defend the interests, instead of interests of
the partners. Therefore, in particular, customs duties till now are not
strip-chart unified to establish a condition of preference for mutual trade;
c) The
countries EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union) tend in WTO,
supposing already others, and very rigid, condition, not having matched the
positions.
Nevertheless of Kazakhstan appears for a
development EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union), and also others (organization
structures with participation of Russia, as such policy in finished the score
answers interests without dangerous of our country.
3.1 The Eurasian Union:
Realities and Perspectives
For five years already Kazakhstan, Russia, and other
post-Soviet states, most of which are united in the Commonwealth of
Independent States, have developed in the situation of a new political reality
as equal agents of the world order. But the process of the formation of new
independent states and open democratic social systems has just begun.
Without going into detailed critique of the CIS, let us note that all its
activities and all the bilateral and multilateral efforts of its member states
clearly show that the time has come for a more effective, deep, and diverse
integration of the countries involved - the kind of integration that would
achieve a stabilization of the situation in the economy and ensure its
development on a qualitatively new basis. This applies above all to the
economies of Kazakhstan and Russia, which might become the engines of future
integrative processes in the post-Soviet space. There are also quite a few
issues pertaining to cooperation in the military-political,
scientific-technological, humanitarian, and other spheres, which are awaiting
their solution in the framework of a more effective integration model. The idea
of the formation of the Eurasian union of states proposed by President
Nazarbayev is precisely such a model; it organically combines both the existing
realities and the objective needs of today and tomorrow.
Taking into account the differences between our countries in the levels
of development of market economy, in the democratization of political processes,
we propose to establish an additional integrative structure, the Eurasian
Union, whose activities would be combined with those of the CIS. In doing so,
the member states will take into account the diversity of integration
scenarios and differences in the rate, form, and direction of CIS states’
development. Thus there is an urgent need for the formation of a new economic
order in the CIS.
It can thus be
said that the draft project for the formation of the EAU is in keeping with the
natural aspirations of the peoples living in the post-Soviet space, the idea of
new integration. The project has not only acquired a great many supporters but
has also proved that it is realistic, urgent, and vital.
Turning to the genesis of that integrative idea, it must be recalled that
the Kazakhstan leader advocated the preservation of good relations and
re-integration on a new basis of the former Soviet republics from the very
first days of the new states acquiring independence. President Nazarbayev
stressed repeatedly that he never raised the idea of independence to the status
of a fetish but rather endeavored to preserve old ties and create new ones. The
idea of the Eurasian Union originates in the midst of life, in the simple and
universal human needs.
From that moment, the debate on the idea of the EAU assumed a new tone.
It accelerated the political crystallization on the choice between further
disintegration and re-integration on a new basis.
Many participants in the hearings stated that the EAU project offers a
chance for entering the 21st century in a civilized manner, and that
it reflects the objective logic of development of the post-Soviet space and the
consciously realized objective need for the development of integration
processes.
In this way the initiative of forming the Eurasian Union was gaining
momentum. The number of its adherents increased at scholarly events, in
government offices, and in the diplomatic circles. An understanding and sincere
approval of the EAU project was expressed, among others.
The proposals contained in the EAU project - to introduce unified visa
procedures, to guarantee the freedom of movement, to make the ruble the
settlement unit, to create a unified system of defense, parliament,
legislation, and an executive committee as an interstate organ - were at first
guardedly received by some public figures. However, the numbers of adherents of
integration are growing. Clearly, their approaches to the problem differ, but
their desire for integration remains strong.
On the question of the main principles of the EAU
project, it must be stressed that the EAU is a union of equal, independent
states aimed at the realization of the national interests of each member state
and of the available integration potential. The EAU is a form of integration of
sovereign states with the aim of consolidating stability and security and
socioeconomic modernization in the post-Soviet space. Economic interests
determine the foundations of the rapprochement among the independent states.
The political institutions of the EAU must adequately reflect these interests
and facilitate economic integration.
The following principles and mechanism of formation of
the Eurasian Union are proposed:
— National referendums or decisions of parliaments on the entry of states
in the EAU;
— The signing by member states of a treaty on the setting up of the EAU
on the basis of the principles of equality, noninterference in the affairs of
each other, respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability
of state borders. The treaty must lay the legal and organizational foundations
for deeper integration, with the formation of an economic, currency, and
political union as its goal;
— No associated membership is permitted in the EAU;
— Decisions are
carried in the EAU by the qualified majority of four-fifths (4/5) of the
overall number of member countries.
Independent states join
the EAU, if the following preliminary conditions are satisfied:
— Mandatory
compliance with endorsed inter-state agreements;
— Mutual recognition of the existing political institutions of the EAU
member countries;
— Recognition of territorial integrity and inviolability of the
borders;
— Rejection of economic, political, and other forms of pressure in
inter-state relations;
— Cessation of hostilities among member countries.
New members enter the EAU after an expert evaluation
is passed on their readiness to enter the EAU and all EAU members vote
unanimously on it. An organ formed on parity terms by the states, which
expressed their readiness to become EAU members, proposes expert evaluations.
EAU states may take part in other integrative alliances, including the
CIS, on the basis of associated or permanent membership or in the role of an
observer.
Every member can leave the EAU, giving notice not
later than six months before the decision is made.
It is suggested to form the following supranational bodies:
— The Council of EAU Heads of State and Heads of Government - the highest
organ of EAU political leadership. Each member state chairs the EAU for a
period of six months in rotation according to the Cyrillic alphabet.
— The highest consultative and advisory body is the EAU Parliament. The
Parliament is formed by delegating deputies of the member states' parliaments
on the basis of equal representation of each member country or through direct
elections. Decisions of the EAU Parliament come into force after their
ratification by the parliaments of the EAU states. Ratification must be
effected within the period of one month.
— The main area of the activity of the EAU Parliament is coordination of
the member countries' legislation to insure the development of a unified
economic space, protection of the social rights and interests of individuals
and of mutual respect for state sovereignty and civil rights within EAU states.
— The EAU
Parliament creates a common legal basis to regulate the relations between the
member countries' economic agents.
— The Council of
EAU Foreign Ministers, to coordinate the member countries' foreign-policy
activities.
— The
Inter-state Executive Committee of the EAU - an executive and supervisory body
functioning on a permanent basis. The EAU heads of state appoints the head of
the Executive Committee -a representative of the member countries — for a
period defined by the heads. The Executive Committee's bodies are formed to
include representatives of all the countries.
The EAU as
represented by its Executive Committee must receive observer status in a number
of major international organizations, such as:
— The EAU Executive
Committee's Information Bureau. The member countries must assume a special
obligation or law not to permit unfriendly statements about the treaty's member
states, which may damage relations between them.
— The Council
for Education, Culture, and Science. The formation of coordinated policy on
education, promotion of cultural and scientific cooperation and exchange, and
joint activity on compiling textbooks and manuals.
— To achieve a
deeper coordination and effectiveness of the activities of the EAU countries,
it is deemed advisable to set up in each of them a State Committee (or
Ministry) for EAU Affairs.
— Regular
meetings and consultations on health services, education, labor, employment,
culture, combating crime, and so on, by ministers of EAU countries.
—
Encouraging the activities of non-governmental organizations in various
areas of cooperation in accordance with EAU member countries' national
legislation.
— The Russian language is the official EAU language, functioning side by
side with the languages of legislation in the member nations.
— Citizenship. Free movement of citizens within EAU borders requires
coordination of external visa policy with regard to third nations. On changing
the country of residence within the EAU, an individual automatically receives
the other country's membership.
— One of the cities at the juncture of Europe and Asia, such as Kazan or
Samara, might be proposed as the capital of the EAU.
In order to create a unified economic space within the EAU framework, it
is proposed to establish a number of supranational coordinating structures:
— A commission on the economy under the Council of EAU Heads of State to
work out the main directions of economic reform within the EAU framework; the
commission takes into consideration the interests of the national states and
offers its proposals for endorsement by the Council of the EAU Heads of State;
— A commission on the raw materials of the EAU exporter countries to
coordinate and endorse the prices and quotas for exported raw materials and
fuel and energy resources, an appropriate inter-state agreement to be signed by
the member countries; coordination of policy in the mining and sale of gold and
other precious metals is to be envisaged;
— A fund for economic and technological cooperation formed with EAU
members' contributions. The fund will finance promising science-intensive
economic, scientific, and technological programs and render assistance in the
solution of a wide range of problems, including legal, tax, financial, and
ecological issues;
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