Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia
p> At the same time it is necessary to mark the common tendencies,
natural for the new independent countries. The orientation to the market of
long-distance foreign countries makes production of raw in branches of the
countries rarely for them raw refined in branches, as last valid by
considerably lower, than world, efficiency of the manufacture can not
acquire production first on world or close to world prices. Stronger links
with the world market of branches of the states of Commonwealth inevitably
preclude with their demand for production domestic resource refinery of
branches by virtue of its non-competitiveness in the world market. It
inevitably reduces different branches to of an economic development
resource producers and resource refinery of branches in the countries of
CIS.2.3 Engaging the foreign investments The participation of the foreign capital promotes the decision of the
following tasks:
- Heightening of efficiency of an export potential, overcoming of its raw
directedness and development import substitute of manufactures;
- Heightening of a scientific and technical level of production with the
help new scientific of techniques, methods of management and selling of
production;
- Magnifying of tax receipts in the state budget;
- Assistance to a development backward and depressive of regions and
creation of new workstations in national economy;
- Use of modern industrial and administrative experience through tutoring
and retraining of the staff. It is necessary to mark, that the cooperating of Kazakhstan and Russia
can explicate in different regions of economy. For power engineering and
mineral operational life’s priority directions are: the opportunity of an
effective shared use of mineral operational life’s, introduction new and
development of available processing manufactures oriented on export to long-
distance foreign countries, creation of a reliable system energy supply,
development of the transport communications, which development is
stipulated by presence of investment operational life’s.
Figure 1. Structure of the direct foreign investments in Kazakhstan in 2000
[pic] In structure of the direct foreign investments in Kazakhstan the share
of Russian Federation makes 5 %. In spite of the fact that the Russian
economy requires not less to investment means, the enclosure of the
investments serves the factor of interest by Kazakhstan. The interests of
Russia consist, first of all, in natural operational life (oil, coal, ore
etc.), mastering and development. 2.4 Cooperating in the field of electric power industry As other step which has strengthened a positions of power branch, it
is possible to name creation on the basis of bankrupt CJSC “Ekibastuz
Energy Center”, half of which shares the European Economic Community of
Russia on account of cancellation of duties of Kazakhstan for the electric
power was transferred to the Russian partners from the Russian Academy of
Science. Since 2000 the integrated power Grid of Kazakhstan works in a parallel
condition from European Economic Community of Russia and grid system of the
countries of Central Asia. The parallel operation of electric power systems has allowed
considerably to boost quality of electrical power and reliability of
electro supply of consumers of Kazakhstan, Central Asia and Russian
Federation, operatively to realize flow both transit of electrical power
and powers, it is more rational to use power powers of electrical stations.
The electric power system of Kazakhstan and Russian Academy of Science
European Economic Community of Russia is called secure each other in case
of crashes. It will ensure with the electric power not only Republic Of
Kazakhstan, but also Southern Ural. With the purposes of a heightening of efficiency of a parallel
operation the measures on simplification of customs procedures are studied
at migration of electrical power through the customs boundary. The operation coal extraction of the enterprises is stabilized. In
2002 the production 78 mln of tons coal is forecast, from which more than
25 mln of tons will be exported. 2.5 Cooperating in the field of machine construction industry The lowering of manufacture in machine construction industry and
metalworking is called by aggravation of a financial condition of basic
consumers of machine-building production, significant rise in price of
import furnishing work pieces. The cooperating of Russia and Kazakhstan in machine construction
industry is possible at the expense of a shared use of available industrial
potential for issue of competitive production. On basis Kentau excavator
factory assembly manufacture of dredges together with joint-stock company
Tver excavator a factory and joint-stock company Sarex. On Pavlodar
tractor together with joint-stock company the “Altay” motor factory.
Barnaul and Sibzavod (Omsk) it is planned to adjust manufacture of new
tractors, and the enterprises agricultural machinary of Kazakhstan together
with Rostelmash can master assembly manufacture a grain and of combines. Besides in machine building branch the creation JV on manufacture of
diesel drives (planned on the basis of joint-stock company the “Kustanay”
diesel factory and joint-stock company “Hurrah Laz”) and Transnational of
financial and industrial group “Electropribor”. 2.6 Cooperating in the field of a uranium industry Annually Kazakhstan extracts and sells about 3 % (1,5 thousand tons)
from it Whole World of production. Production of the National company
“Казатомпром” consumes Russia, USA, Western Europe, Southern Korea and
other countries. The company “Казатомпром” combines investigation, production and
manufacture of uranium, and also accompanying rarely of elements. Into its
structure go into: joint-stock company “Volkovgoelogy” one of highly
professional in all CIS of the geological enterprises, joint-stock company
“Stepgeology”. Three ore management “Central”, “Steppe”, “Sixth”. The basic manufacturer of uranium fuel in Kazakhstan - Ulbinski a
metal works. This versatile enterprise specializing on issue rarely metal
and super conducting production, and also special material, used in an
atomic industry, electron technology, instrument making, space engineering.
The raw material - enriched uranium - is made in Kazakhstan or is delivered
from Siberia, on Ulba make of it tablets and deliver them on the Russian
factories, where make ready heat distributor of assembly for atomic power
plants. Ulbinski the metal works occupies the important place in a nuclear-
fuel cycle of Russia and Kazakhstan. In the near past the nuclear -fuel complex of Russia and Kazakhstan
made a single unit. To tear this line-up was it does not pay Russians,
Kazakhstan. Last years the Kazakhstan raw material in basic went on export, and
the fuel tablets on Ulbinski factory were manufactured from the Russian raw
material. Besides is acute there was a problem solvency. Russia paid for
services by the consumer goods. An exit from the folded situation became
the offer of the Kazakhstan side to the partners from Russian "«fuel
element" of start-up of a new uranium line-up. As a result of the
enterprise deliver each other necessary components, in particular from
Kazakhstan in Russia - fuel tablets. The financial accounts between the
countries are made at the end of a line-up in accordance with sale of
products higher remake in the exterior market. Within the framework of this cooperating, with the purposes of an
ascertaining of the greater confidence the National company “Kazatomprom”,
releases the gold share, which is transferred and gives it the right to
superimpose the veto on such decisions of Kazakhstan, As, for example, refusal to work in one nuclear-fuel cycle to not
produce fuel tablets for Russian Atomic Electric Station or other
irrational variations in the strategy and tactics of behavior in the
market. In turn, Russia has given us assurances of a reliability and long
term of the orders. It concerns uranium, but also tantalum raw material,
beryllium etc. Durability of strategic interests of the sides by the plans
on interchanging the shares Ulbinski factory on the similar shares of the
enterprises of a nuclear -fuel cycle of Russia. In October, 2000 the long-term contract for manufacture CJSC Ulbinski
factory of dusts of uranium and fuel tablets for AES with their further
annual delivering in Russian Federation up to 200 т of a dust and 300 т of
tablets, on a period till 2005 inclusively is made.
Besides the arrangement on creation of the share enterprise on production
of uranium on deposits “Zarechni and “Budenovski” in Southern Kazakhstan is
reached. Considering problems of integration of Russia and Kazakhstan, it is
possible to conclude, that the activation of economic links between the
countries directly depends on the decision of legal, political, economic
and ecological problems precluding their more effective activity. The
opportunities by wider attract in a long-term perspective appreciably
depend on those political courses, which will be selected by both
countries. According to our reckoning, the creation of the common market of
Kazakhstan and Russia will allow to support steady solvency demand for
production of real sectors of economy of the countries on the basis of the
long-term target and selective contracts. Thus, the necessity of effective economic interaction between the
countries stipulates necessity of the further decision of existing problems
and uses of every possible redundancy of premises of rise of manufacture. 3. involvement in international organizations, kazakhstan and russia For anybody not a secret, that creation and the operation of regional
systems of safety in Central Asia was called by the following basic
reasons: First, inability of the states becoming in plants of aggressive plans
of the international terrorist architectures, appearing under Islamic by
the slogans and using financial support international extremism of
architectures to give them effective defense; Secondly, double standards of the conducting countries of West,
including USA, Great Britain, in a ratio of operations of a series of
terrorist architectures considered by them as battle groups national fight
for freedom of driving. By characteristic development of double standards
was, for example, the refusal of the American authorities to satisfy the
request Ministry of Foreign Affairs Peoples Republic Of China about output
gripped in captivities in Afghanistan of hits - citizens of Peoples
Republic of China Uygur of a nationality. A motivation: the Washington does
not consider Driving for independence East Turkestan as terrorist
architecture; Thirdly, the anti Soviet moods, cultivated in West by decades, in a
defined measure were transformed in anti Russian, especially to first half
90 years. Therefore warnings of Russia, states of Central Asia, closely
face with operations of the international terrorist gangs in Chechnya, in
Batken, about real consequences of their activity were not heard. It would be possible to explain creation of military-aerial basses of
USA in Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan still by war
against a condition taliban. But there is a question, why these basses
began to be established as a matter of fact after completion of an active
military phase of rout taliban of a condition. Moreover, arranging of
basses air force of USA not only in Afghanistan, but also in Kyrgyzstan,
and also Tajikistan bordering with China, on defined reflections. In
particular, involuntarily there is an idea: whether can these basses
hypothetically and in a defined situation to be used as basis of a dual
purpose - not only against hits in Afghanistan, but also against China or
even against Russia. After September 11 and especially after an overthrow reactionary
taliban of a condition in Afghanistan and ascertaining of the American
military presence in Central Asia basic; in essence there is a
consideration of an opportunity of cooperating of these architectures from
USA, for, without the account of policy of Russia, China and USA and
understanding of principles of a guard by these states of the national
interests, it is impossible to explain a situation in sphere of a safety in
region. Whether such script of a development of events in next China is
necessary to Kazakhstan and other countries of region. Uniquely - is not present. The consequences of disorder USSR, as is
known, have done without in tens thousand life and millions refugees. The important element of regional cooperating is the effective
military-engineering cooperating between the countries by the members DKNB.
Today any country of Central Asia is not capable in the nearest perspective
to refuse from former Soviet, so, present Russian weapon and military
engineering. Hence, the key role of Russia in this direction will be saved. The important element of regional cooperating is the effective
military-engineering cooperating between the countries - members DKNB Today
any country of Central Asia is not capable in the nearest perspective to
refuse from former Soviet, so, presents Russian weapon and military
engineering. Hence, the key role of Russia in this direction will be saved.
Though other points of view take place also: a) In opinion of the Uzbek experts, principal reason of an exit of
Tashkent from DKNB was ostensibly refusal of the Russian side to sell to
Uzbekistan necessary arms and military engineering, when the country has
exposed to attacks of gangs of the international terrorists.
In these conditions of Uzbekistan forced to convert to active cooperating
from USA; b) In mass - media the hearings, on the one hand, are persistently
spreader that Russia ostensibly is not interested in maintenance vehicle
launching of Baikonur, recognizing schedule to transfer all rocket start-
ups on vehicle launching or to realize start-ups from tropics, and with
another - that vehicle launching of Baikonur to Kazakhstan anything, except
for harm, does not bring. Tragedy of September 11 and military action, which has followed behind
it, of USA in Afghanistan by a radical image, have changed a situation in
our region. In this connection experts of Kazakhstan Contract, being the
member, of collective safety, expected, that the states the members DKNB
will consult among themselves on all questions of the international safety,
including regional, but, unfortunately, such has not taken place also it
once again speaks that one of the reasons of an inefficiency DKNB is an
existing level of ratios between Russia and other sides of the Contract. On
my sight, on the one hand, Russia till now is not ready to equal in rights
partner to ratios with the new independent states, and, with another - in
the countries FSU of space the suspiciousness and uncertainty is still
saved in what policy Russia will realize further. Therefore, on my sight, the special urgency is acquired now by
necessity of amplification of mutual confidence, openness, knowledge, first
of all, between Kazakhstan and Russia having on FSU space the special level
of ratios and the best premises for creation of allied ratios. Thus, at folding geopolitical the structure of regional systems of
safety is necessary different level. In particular, Kazakhstan and Russia
should not wait of operations on the part of other countries of region, by
a phantom of the dollar help, and actively be shaded slide on a path not
only economic integration in frameworks EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union),
but also development of systems of safety in frameworks DKNB. Similar situation in a ratio of cooperating with China within the
framework of the Shanghai architecture of cooperating in a direction of
struggle with terrorism, extremism and separatism
Appearing on January 25 this year at the extended meeting of the principals
of the executive authority Republic Of Kazakhstan, the President
N.Nazarbayev has formulated seven tasks facing to government, including in
the field of exterior policy. January 25, 2002 in Almaty the third session Integration of committee
EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union) has passed, on which 28 questions were
considered, from which on 27 the decision is accepted. The totals of
operation of this session, unfortunately, have appeared unfavorable: a) The participants still were not defined, in what direction it is necessary to explicate cooperating; b) Each participant wants first of all to defend the interests, instead of interests of the partners. Therefore, in particular, customs duties till now are not strip-chart unified to establish a condition of preference for mutual trade; c) The countries EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union) tend in WTO, supposing already others, and very rigid, condition, not having matched the positions. Nevertheless of Kazakhstan appears for a development EAEU (Euro-Asian
Economic Union), and also others (organization structures with
participation of Russia, as such policy in finished the score answers
interests without dangerous of our country.
3.1 The Eurasian Union: Realities and Perspectives
For five years already Kazakhstan, Russia, and other post-Soviet
states, most of which are united in the Commonwealth of Independent States,
have developed in the situation of a new political reality as equal agents
of the world order. But the process of the formation of new independent
states and open democratic social systems has just begun. Without going into detailed critique of the CIS, let us note that all
its activities and all the bilateral and multilateral efforts of its member
states clearly show that the time has come for a more effective, deep, and
diverse integration of the countries involved - the kind of integration
that would achieve a stabilization of the situation in the economy and
ensure its development on a qualitatively new basis. This applies above all
to the economies of Kazakhstan and Russia, which might become the engines
of future integrative processes in the post-Soviet space. There are also
quite a few issues pertaining to cooperation in the military-political,
scientific-technological, humanitarian, and other spheres, which are
awaiting their solution in the framework of a more effective integration
model. The idea of the formation of the Eurasian union of states proposed
by President Nazarbayev is precisely such a model; it organically combines
both the existing realities and the objective needs of today and tomorrow.
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